John Leighton Stuart (Chinese: 司徒雷登; pinyin: Sītú Léidēng; June 24, – September 19, ) was a missionary educator, the first President of Yenching University and later United States ambassador to China. He was a towering figure in U.S.-Chinese relations in the first half of the 20th century, a man TIME magazine called "perhaps the most respected American in China." An essay on Confucianism: its roots, premise, impact on society over time and modern incarnations. Chinese Trade in the Indian Ocean China's Ming Dynasty treasure ships realized trade networks and diplomatic missions as far as Africa and the Red Sea blogger.com is the one place where you find help for all types of assignments. We write high quality term papers, sample essays, research papers, dissertations, thesis papers, assignments, book reviews, speeches, book reports, custom web content and business papers
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Good ideas and innovation travel easily—and far. Historically, these ideas spread along trade routes. This essay looks at essay on confucianism great Eurasian Silk Roads as a transmitter of people, goods, ideas, beliefs and inventions.
Good ideas travel easilyand far along trade routes, essay on confucianism, and the Silk Road was no exception to that rule.
A famous example of a Chinese invention that helped to transform the world is paper. Paper was invented during the Han dynasty, probably just at the time the Silk Road trade was beginning to flourish. Many accounts ascribe the invention of paper to a Latter Han official at the beginning of the essay on confucianism century CE, but actual paper at least two centuries older than that has been archaeologically excavated from Han tombs. Far superior to the narrow wooden strips or hard-to-handle rolls of silk that the Chinese had previously used for writing, paper soon became the writing material of choice throughout China and East Asia.
But under the Mongols in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, a group of Chinese workmen set up a papermaking establishment in Samarkand. Their product quickly spread by trade and imitation, and paper soon supplanted other writing materials in most of western Eurasia. In China, essay on confucianism, the invention of paper stimulated the invention of printing, sometime during the 6th century CE—a development energetically supported by Buddhism, according to which the duplication of sacred texts was an act of religious merit.
The re-invention of printing in Europe centuries later did not employ East Asian-style printing technology, but it may have been stimulated by accounts of Chinese printing that could have circulated in the Middle East. Another invention that spread entirely across Eurasia was the noria, or irrigation waterwheel, essay on confucianism.
This simple, ingenious device, invented in Roman Syria, consists of a vertical waterwheel to the rim of which are attached a series of pots or tubes.
As the current of a river rotates the wheel, the pots fill with water at the bottom of the cycle and empty into a chute at the top; a large noria can lift water as much as essay on confucianism feet with no input of human essay on confucianism animal energy.
This inspired invention was obviously a good idea, and rapidly spread along the Silk Road and its tributaries. There is a famous example in Toledo, Spain, others along essay on confucianism upper reaches of the Yellow River in China, and many more in between. Foodstuffs also count in this category of the travel of ideas and techniques Apples spread, in prehistoric times via the steppe belt, in both directions from the region of modern-day Kazakhstan; oranges went via the maritime route from China to the Mediterranean world; grapes went from the western reaches of the Silk Road to China.
These examples and dozens more that could be mentioned make the point clear: ideas, inventions, devices and techniques spread readily and far along the Silk Road, and the traffic was very much a two way, or perhaps one should say a multi-way, street. In the process the Silk Road enriched not just the merchants who carried and exchanged goods, but the people of countries and cultures all across Eurasia.
It is perhaps worth noting, however, that long-distance trade can have unexpectedly bad side effects as well as direct beneficial effects.
For example, the Black Death plague that devastated Europe in the 14th century is believed to have come via the Silk Road from Central Asia, where plague is endemic among local rodents.
One theory holds essay on confucianism a load of marmot pelts destined to be used on fur-trimmed garmentscontaminated with plague-bearing flea eggs, was brought from somewhere in Central Asia to a Middle Eastern port. There the eggs hatched into fleas that infested some local rats; some of the rats eventually went on shipboard and were carried to port cities in Italy, essay on confucianism.
There the plague spread, via fleas, to other rats, and then to people; and a disaster was in the making. Silk Road Spreading Ideas and Innovations. by John Major Good ideas and innovation travel easily—and far. Additional Background Reading on Asia, essay on confucianism.
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Essay · CHINA'S FUTURE. 1. What China wants. 2. The long fall. 3. Clan-focused Confucianism and the fear bred by communism have persuaded the Chinese to mind their own business: sweep the Confucius was a contemporary of Lao Tzu, they had similar philosophies (e.g. the importance of harmony and balance)Confucius mastered the six arts: ritual, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and arithmeticHis father died when he was a child, his mother died when Confucius was in his early 20'blogger.com this, he became a teacher and built a reputation Cheap essay writing sercice. If you need professional help with completing any kind of homework, blogger.com is the right place to get it. Whether you are looking for essay, coursework, research, or term paper help, or with any other assignments, it is no problem for us
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